Lo que desarrollaré a continuación corresponde a una actividad basada en la aplicación práctica de las leyes de Gestalt al análisis de diferentes imágenes.
Lo que se pretende en este artículo es la identificación de las teorías Gestalt en imágenes reales. Con esa finalidad me arriesgo a utilizar imágenes personales en un intento, tal vez un poco forzado, de explorar el sentido de los postulados Gestalt en su aplicación al ámbito de lo real, de lo puramente cotidiano.
Imagen 1
Como primer aspecto a reseñar en esta imagen, destacar mi percepción isomórfica del conjunto, en la medida en que yo he vivido esa realidad por tanto mi percepción de la imagen estará directamente condicionada por esa vivencia. Entiendo este concepto, el isomorfismo, como esencialmente abstracto, pero creo que aquí podría tener esta aplicación concreta.
Observo al menos tres teorías aplicables a esta imagen: la ley de semejanza, ley de cierre y ley del enmascaramiento.
Ley de semejanza. Percibiendo elementos semejantes como parte de un grupo, tal como postula, observaríamos varias secciones totalmente diferenciadas: los bloques de hielo flotantes, presentes en el medio-fondo; las plantas situadas detrás de la imagen más próxima en plano y, en mi percepción, las montañas situadas a ambos lados al fondo. La mente tiende a agrupar estos elemento por semejanza y los asimila como partes de un todo diferenciado del conjunto.
Ley de cierre. Menos evidente, en mi opinión, que la anterior, pero igualmente perceptible. Las montañas situadas al fondo a ambos lados, cubiertas de niebla, de las que no se percibe la cumbre. Nuestra visón global culmina, cierra la proyección de esas imágenes hasta una cumbre imaginaria residente en el recuerdo, en la experiencia. Las vemos acabadas en una versión coincidente con nuestra memoria experimental, que puede coincidir o no con la realidad de este campo visual.
Ley del enmascaramiento. Más sutil. Los bloques de hielo que flotan pierden parte de su identidad por su integración en el contexto global del glaciar. De forma aislada y en otro contexto, tendrían un protagonismo más destacado en la imagen.
Imagen 2
Contiene parte de los elementos presentes en la imagen 1, por lo que serían de aplicación prácticamente las mismas teorías, pero si forzamos ligeramente la percepción podremos aplicar alguna más, como por ejemplo, la ley de la buena continuidad.
Ley de buena continuidad. En el contexto del campo de nieve, lo que se percibe con mayor facilidad son los surcos longitudinales, especialmente los situados a la derecha de la imagen. Frente a la visión de la nieve en sí, como un manto, destacan los elementos anteriores porque son continuos, no hay interrupción. Del mismo modo, la propia niebla que cubre las montañas, transmite la misma sensación de continuidad frente a las interrupciones visuales que provoca en la cadena montañosa.
La ley de cierre está también presente en la invisibilidad de la cumbre de las montañas de fondo y también lo está la ley de semejanza, visible en la agrupación perceptiva de algunos elementos semejantes, como las dos áreas diferenciadas en la nieve o también las montañas.
Imagen 3
Esta imagen en un ejemplo claro de ley de semejanza. Podemos percibir de forma nítida dos agrupaciones diferenciadas: hombres/mujeres o lo que es lo mismo, blancos/negros. Sencillo.
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